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An engine, also referred to as a motor, is a device which changes energy into functional mechanical motion. Motors which transform heat energy into motion are known as engines. Engines come in many types like for example external and internal combustion. An internal combustion engine usually burns a fuel utilizing air and the resulting hot gases are utilized for generating power. Steam engines are an example of external combustion engines. They use heat to generate motion using a separate working fluid.
The electrical motor takes electrical energy and produces mechanical motion through various electromagnetic fields. This is a common type of motor. Some types of motors function by non-combustive chemical reactions, other kinds could utilize springs and function by elastic energy. Pneumatic motors function by compressed air. There are different designs depending on the application required.
Internal combustion engines or ICEs
Internal combustion happens when the combustion of the fuel combines along with an oxidizer inside the combustion chamber. In the IC engine, higher temperatures will result in direct force to certain engine parts like for example the nozzles, pistons, or turbine blades. This force generates useful mechanical energy by moving the part over a distance. Normally, an ICE has intermittent combustion as seen in the popular 2- and 4-stroke piston motors and the Wankel rotating motor. Nearly all jet engines, gas turbines and rocket engines fall into a second class of internal combustion engines called continuous combustion, which happens on the same previous principal described.
Stirling external combustion engines or steam engines significantly vary from internal combustion engines. The external combustion engine, wherein energy is to be delivered to a working fluid such as hot water, liquid sodium, pressurized water or air that is heated in a boiler of some type. The working fluid is not combined with, having or contaminated by combustion products.
The styles of ICEs offered right now come along with many strengths and weaknesses. An internal combustion engine powered by an energy dense fuel will deliver efficient power-to-weight ratio. Even though ICEs have been successful in numerous stationary applications, their real strength lies in mobile utilization. Internal combustion engines dominate the power supply for vehicles like for instance cars, boats and aircrafts. A few hand-held power gadgets use either ICE or battery power devices.
External combustion engines
An external combustion engine uses a heat engine where a working fluid, like for example steam in steam engine or gas in a Stirling engine, is heated through combustion of an external source. This combustion takes place via a heat exchanger or via the engine wall. The fluid expands and acts upon the engine mechanism which generates motion. Then, the fluid is cooled, and either compressed and reused or discarded, and cool fluid is pulled in.
Burning fuel together with the aid of an oxidizer to be able to supply the heat is known as "combustion." External thermal engines could be of similar application and configuration but utilize a heat supply from sources such as exothermic, geothermal, solar or nuclear reactions not involving combustion.
The working fluid could be of whichever constitution. Gas is the most common kind of working fluid, yet single-phase liquid is sometimes used. In Organic Rankine Cycle or in the case of the steam engine, the working fluid changes phases between gas and liquid.
